语音基础模型中基于语言选择维度的语码转换检测
Code-Switching Detection via Language-Selective Dimensions in Speech Foundation Models
研究人员提出了一种直接从语音中检测语码转换的轻量级方法，利用预训练语音编码器中的帧级语言信息来识别单个话语中是否存在多种语言。基于CS-FLEURS中14个语言对的测试结果表明，Whisper-small编码器实现了0.798的平均F1分数，优于CNN基线的0.776和HuBERT线性基线的0.751。
AuthorsJie Chi, Zakaria Aldeneh, Masha Fedzechkina, Maureen de Seyssel, Natalie Schluter
Code-switching (CS), the alternation between languages within an utterance, is common in multilingual speech but underrepresented in pretraining corpora. Increasing CS coverage requires finding relevant utterances in large speech collections so that they can be included in training data. One way to find such utterances is to transcribe the speech and detect language alternation in the text, but this depends on obtaining accurate multilingual transcriptions. We propose a lightweight method that detects CS directly from speech. It uses frame-level language information in pretrained speech encoders to determine whether both languages are present within an utterance. Specifically, we identify language-selective hidden-state dimensions using monolingual recordings and aggregate their frame-level activations into a CS prediction. With a small CS set used to tune a decision rule, we show that the Whisper-small encoder achieves a mean F1 of 0.798 across 14 language pairs in CS-FLEURS, compared with 0.776 for a CNN and 0.751 for a HuBERT linear baseline trained for monolingual language identification. Our findings suggest that pretrained speech encoders already encode the information needed to identify CS utterances, and they provide a lightweight tool for building more representative multilingual corpora.
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来源：Apple Machine Learning Research · machinelearning.apple.com